This study investigates the possibility of producing an air agent from the powder slag of ferrosilicon (FSS), an industrial waste. Recent innovations in the field of concrete have contributed to the development of lightweight geopolymer concrete (LGC), which can be produced by adding an air agent. Long-term studies on mechanical strength, thermal and durability properties of OPS concrete are recommended to promote the usage of OPS as aggregate in actual structures. With large quantities of OPS produced in tropical parts around the world, its total adoption as aggregate in these regions is still fairly limited. In addition, the various improvement techniques employed on OPS and OPS concrete that resulted in improved OPS concrete performance are also highlighted. Previous studies on the properties of OPS, fresh and hardened properties of OPS concrete, as well as its eco-efficiency and environmental aspects are summarized in this paper. OPS is a suitable material for the production of structural lightweight aggregate concrete having better thermal insulation, reduced density of roughly 20 to 25% less than conventional aggregate concrete, and a 28-day compressive strength greater than 17 N/mm². Oil palm shell (OPS) which is a by-product from oil palm industry has shown potentials as an alternative to the conventional aggregate in concrete production. ![]() However, the processing of agricultural produce generates huge amount of residues as by-products the disposal of which is of great concern. Efforts to alleviate food insecurity has resulted in increased agricultural activities across the world. The considerations for using alternative materials as coarse aggregate in construction industry is driven by the needs to conserve natural resources, reduce the huge amount of greenhouse gas emission and environmental degradation related to conventional aggregate.
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